ADEX Dental Hygiene Licensing Exam 2026 – Complete All-In-One Guide to Succeed

The use of nitrous oxide is contraindicated in patients with emphysema primarily due to potential respiratory complications. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that impairs airflow and decreases the lung's ability to facilitate gas exchange. When nitrous oxide is administered, it can expand within the alveoli and potentially lead to complications like increased air trapping or even the possibility of pneumothorax due to the over-distension of the alveoli, particularly in a patient whose lung function is already compromised.

In contrast, while asthma, diabetes, and hypertension may require careful management, they do not present the same significant risks associated with the use of nitrous oxide. Asthma can sometimes be managed with bronchodilators alongside nitrous oxide, and while certain considerations are necessary for diabetic and hypertensive patients, they do not have the same direct contraindication to nitrous oxide use as emphysema does.