ADEX Dental Hygiene Licensing Exam 2026 – Complete All-In-One Guide to Succeed

In the context of acute inflammation, particularly during gingivitis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a pivotal role as the first responders to microbial invasion and tissue injury. These cells are characterized by their multilobed nuclei and abundant cytoplasmic granules, which contain enzymes and other substances crucial for combating infection.

When gingivitis occurs, the body recognizes the presence of harmful bacteria in the gingival tissues. In response, PMNs quickly migrate to the site of inflammation through the bloodstream and tissues. Their primary functions include phagocytosis, where they engulf and destroy pathogens, and the release of inflammatory mediators that can help coordinate the immune response and signal other immune cells to join the fight.

Other cell types, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, serve important roles in the immune system but are not typically the first responders in acute inflammation. Macrophages come into play later in the inflammatory process, contributing to the cleanup and repair of damaged tissues. Lymphocytes are primarily involved in adaptive immunity and are activated later in the immune response. Eosinophils mainly respond to parasitic infections and allergic reactions and are less involved in the acute phase of gingivitis.